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10 Essential Sailing Terms for Complete Beginners10 Essential Sailing Terms for Complete Beginners">

10 Essential Sailing Terms for Complete Beginners

Alexandra Dimitriou,GetBoat.com
由 
Alexandra Dimitriou,GetBoat.com
11 分钟阅读
博客
十二月 19, 2025

Secure the lines at the cleats first, then trim the sail to keep afloat, while maintaining balance. Though the wind shifts, this routine keeps the hull balanced and ready to respond.

Ten glossed phrases you’ll hear on deck with practical cues: 1) afloat – stay buoyant and avoid dragging lines; 2) sail – adjust towards the wind with calm hands; you can use either hand to ease the rope; 3) cleats – lock ends firmly to prevent a sudden whip of lines; 4) front – watch the front of the boat for obstacles; 5) uppermost – manage the uppermost edge when reefing.

Additional cues 6) flows – lines should flow cleanly; in gusts the air can feel compressed, so keep your sail trimmed to prevent stalls; 7) located – equipment located near winches saves steps; if a line is rolled, pause, then adjust; 8) killick – the killick anchor can secure a craft in calm bays and is established through routine; 9) givengiven a gust, ease the sail and keep the helm steady; 10) mean – these steps mean you stay safe while you learn.

Safety and practice Danger can arrive with gusts; keep hands on lines and eyes on the others. Given a steady routine, two boys and a supervising skipper can run through the basics without hesitation; you’ll move towards confidence and better control, while the boat stays well balanced and afloat in sheltered waters.

Beginner’s Guide to Sailing Terms

Before you set off, verify the chart and the depths in the closest spots you plan to visit; the keel draft must fit the water. This quick check save you from delays and grounding, keeping the voyage smoother from the start.

On deck, the rigging forms a system of halyards, sheets, and tackles; hauling lines adjust sails while the mechanism inside the winches provides precise control, providing steadiness when gusts arrive. Learn how bind and release lines to trim correctly.

Keep a spacious cockpit; it eases looking around and reduces crowding at the helm. Organize tools and lines so you can reach them from safe places, which helps keep you calm under pressure.

Origin of many phrases lies in older seamanship; skippers themselves learned the language and taught others, creating a shared vocabulary that speeds coordination.

Wind flows along the hull, turning into forward motion; optimize trim to extract speed while maintaining control. Think of wind as a horse without feathers–a steady push when you keep sail angles right.

Foot placement affects balance; shift weight toward the center to reduce heel. Recheck the chart before turning and select safe positions that keep the boat stable.

There are many places to practice with others; steady drills help you master the basics and build confidence on deck.

10 Fundamental Sailing Terms for Complete Beginners; Starboard

Positioned at the helm, start with a concrete action: set your weight, keep the tillers centered, and verify buoyancy by distributing storage evenly. Confirm a simple navigation plan and depth profile before leaving the dock; this reduces surprises when underway.

  1. 定位与平衡:保持重心靠近中心线,并使舵柄平稳;平稳的操控依赖于均匀的负荷分配和稳定的船头。这可以降低倾覆风险,并有助于应对阵风。.
  2. 浮力和载荷管理:通过分配存储空间确保浮力,使船保持水平;避免在甲板上方放置重物;这能保持稳定性,并使您对观察者保持可见。.
  3. 导航基础:使用地标和可见辅助物规划路线;深度读数有助于避开浅水区;经验丰富的导航员通常会保持快速的心理地图,并与观察员沟通,从而提高安全性。.
  4. 处理恶劣环境:当强风或巨浪推船时,减少帆面积或调整航向以保持航行中的控制;这能让船员感到舒适并使船只保持在航线上。.
  5. 通行和通行权:规划通行路线时与其他船只保持足够的距离;当你是超越船只时,在右舷方向留出空间,并保持较大的间距;这条规则降低了繁忙水域的风险,这在航道中很常见。.
  6. 捆扎和固定装备:为升降索和帆脚索使用可靠的绳结;正确的捆扎可以防止缆绳缠结,并确保在船只意外倾斜时能够完全控制;将备用绳索存放在易于取用的存储位置。.
  7. 舵柄和操舵:练习用舵柄进行轻柔、协调的动作,以产生清晰、可预测的操纵;当重心转移是故意的,并且甲板上方保持平静时,船的反应最佳。.
  8. 观察员和航行中通讯:保持持续瞭望;随时告知观察员每次航向和速度的变化;航行中,尤其是在转弯时,使用清晰的信号指示状态。.
  9. 紧急措施:如果一阵风后无法恢复,放松风帆,移动到平衡姿势,并准备防倾覆措施;寻求帮助并利用扶正力矩;在安全区域练习快速演练以保持准备;这是安全部分的内容。.
  10. 检查与维护:在航行前后进行日常检查;确保设备得到全面维护,检查所有绳索的存放是否妥善,并确认航标的深度和可见度。.

通过定期的练习,航行安全会成为你的第二天性——享受进步,并在每一次航行中应用这些经验。.

舷和艏:如何一眼辨认您船的侧面

站在中心线上,面向船头,锁定你的航向;右舷是右手边,左舷是左手边。你会很快学会的。检查灯光:右舷是绿色,左舷是红色;这些信号让你一目了然地知道你在哪一边。利用沿栏杆和船体的结构配件的位置来确认,这些地方形成了系缆柱、荷载支架和其他配件。在停泊的船只上,注意舷梯位于哪一侧,以确定船只的方向。相对快速的识别来自于扫描机翼和帆杆与甲板配件的关系。大声重复右舷和左舷这两个词,以巩固这个习惯。.

在演习期间,每侧的操纵装置遵循船只上最常见的模式。 起卸绳、绞车和其他配件通常更靠近右舷,在转向或换舷时提供实用的线索。 查看灯光并确认其在码头附近的位置,尤其是在租用泊位附近,那里的对齐方式更清晰。 海事惯例仍然很简单:右侧等于右舷,左侧等于左舷,方向与风向演变保持一致。.

练习:大声说出提示语:右舷是右,左舷是左;扫描吊杆侧面和任何翼型附件以确认侧面,并通过最近的缆绳来注意泊靠方向。使用调整后的航向和特定提示语能让你在起吊过程中负载发生变化时迅速行动。这种习惯适用于大多数船只,结构信号形成可靠的指导,即使事物像风中的马一样移动,无论船只停泊还是航行。.

船头和船尾:用于停靠和航向的前/后方位

靠泊时船首朝向码头,从航道倒船尾进入,然后以缓慢、可控的滑动使船体靠在码头上。了解不同的船体形状对风和水流的反应不同,因此请相应调整您的计划。在拥挤的泊位中,保持较浅的进近角度(约15-25度),并保持怠速推力,直到挡泥板接触。调整舵和前帆配平有助于抵消侧风,但较大的船只可能需要更多时间来完成转向;通常松开前帆的缭绳以减少帆的面积,同时用舵操纵。在双体船上,更大的船宽意味着船首和船尾的反应更大,因此要给自己额外的空间并使用有意识的动作。从两侧系紧首缆,并在船首和船尾系一部分以保持位置,因为您靠近母港;如果船上有货物或人员,请以更慢的速度行驶。当水较深时,使船首远离码头,并计划好用稳定、柔和的动力进行最终的倒车入位。抬头看向上桅和索具,以避免电线、外壳和升降索出现障碍物,并让海员、人员和船员注意整个甲板区域,包括沙龙。靠泊后,调整航向以与航道对齐,并计划好出口处的方向变化;在拥挤的码头中,花时间重新检查缆绳和位置。船员应展示指示准备就绪的徽章并清晰地沟通,以便船首和船尾的移动保持受控和可预测。.

龙骨和船体:是什么让你保持直立,以及船体设计如何影响平衡

龙骨和船体:是什么让你保持直立,以及船体设计如何影响平衡

加深龙骨以提高在阵风条件下的稳定性。有 决定船只平衡的因素:龙骨深度、船体形状、船宽、压舱物重量、重量分布、船员移动、障碍物、舵对准方式以及水下吃水深度。保持压舱物位置较低,以及龙骨。 mounted 以最大化扶正力矩并最小化漂移。.

深龙骨和宽船体提升稳定性。更深的龙骨可提高初始稳定性,而更宽的船体可增加形状稳定性,尤其是在游艇停泊时。 sunny 日。此项福利为 least 在平静的风中可能不明显,但在阵风中则变得至关重要。 smaller 对于船只而言,这种组合最为有效,需要在重量和速度之间取得谨慎的平衡。在船体科学的诞生之初,设计师们便寻求这种平衡。.

材料决定重量和响应。. wooden 带压载物的船体 irons 反映了稳定性思维的诞生;现代游艇采用 lightweight 使用复合材料以减轻高空重量并保持刚度。. 颜色 船体上的改动仅为美观,不会改变浮力,但较轻的表面可以减少阻力并提高响应速度。.

舱室用于存放压舱物和装备。压舱物位于最低的舱室中,以保持重心较低;避免龙骨附近出现阻碍,这些阻碍可能会滞留水或增加阻力。船体的横梁会影响初始扶正力矩;调整你的计划以保持 closest 至障碍物的距离。.

索具和操舵事项。开始。 三桅的 钻机上或在 smaller 工艺, 耕耘机 提供直接反馈;当你向迎风一侧移动时,船的倾斜会减少并保持 comfortable. theyre 许多时候的典型设置;倾斜时避免膝盖触碰船体以保持控制和平衡。.

重心转移和方向。. changing 沿着船的重量分布有助于保持漂浮线在所有方向上的稳定;例如,在横风航行时稍微向另一侧船舷移动可以保持平衡。保持重量低以及与舵的输入协调是一种需要练习才能养成的习惯,尤其是在…… lightweight 游艇。这 change 首先引起大多数水手注意的是帆的调整。 这种方法 helps 让旅程保持舒适。.

主帆和前帆:平稳航行的基本调整

立即平衡帆:放松前帆缭绳,直到导流条沿前帆飘动,调整主帆,使其前缘呈现柔和的弧度而不飘动。这能保持船体沿风向移动,并使两张帆的中心均匀受力。使用绞盘设定每根缭绳的拉力,并在加速时保持稳定的负载。.

在拥挤的甲板上,为船员分配岗位;该设置支持多名成员。将每张帆脚索放置在对应的卷扬机上,绕住防滑钉一圈以固定。保持缆绳沿甲板放置和定位,避开装备,并使用任务表上的桅杆顶端描述,以保持所有人步调一致。将调节绳固定在防滑钉上,有助于即使在阵风中也能保持控制。.

When gusts shift, trim responds quickly: back the mainsail a touch to counter backwind, ease the jib slightly, and keep the boat on the new direction with a steady roll. The aim is a really smooth ride, with a stable attitude and no sudden lurches. Check that the backstay and fore-and-aft lines remain free of obstruction.

If a spanker-mast exists, its aft sail affects balance: adjust the spanker lines on the winches to support the stern, while keeping the fore-and-aft trim aligned with the main sails. Place the spanker-mast sheet on its track and secure; this can boost stability in light airs. Also ensure anchoring of additional lines so nothing falls into the cockpit.

Technical notes: masthead fittings take load from head sails; wind direction affects setting. The natural breeze should be used; electricity gauges on deck help read gusts; crews should monitor these with calm actions. Keep the boat drifting toward a desired direction; maintain stable speed, with the cooks assisting in moving about the cockpit while trimming.