TP 14070 Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide 2010 - Essential Overview

Always perform a pre-departure check of condition and equipment; verify watertight closures are secured, fill fuel and ballast to recommended levels, and confirm that emergency gear is ready for immediate use. Document findings in the master’s log and brief the crew on any items that require action before leaving port.

In international operations around miquelon and similar coastal zones, monitor wind shifts, swell, and current data. Plan a safe course with known weather windows, and keep VHF radio communications available to coordinate with port authorities or support vessels.

Inspect the hull, deck fittings, and engine room for holes or signs of damage. If you find a breach, mark it and take steps to seal or shore it up promptly, while protecting canvas covers from abrasion. Remove any combustible material from heat sources to limit risk and keep the area well ventilated.

Keep closed compartments intact and store critical safety gear in preferred locations that stay relatively dry and accessible. Check that equipment like life jackets, lifebuoys, fire extinguishers, and bilge pumps remains operational and within reach; plan short daily checks to verify condition and to prevent corrosion or moisture ingress.

When conditions are challenging, slow the vessel to maintain stability and avoid risky maneuvers. please follow the guide’s checklists, record any taken actions, and fill the log with notes on new risks or adjustments. This approach helps keep the crew focused, reduces danger, and supports quick responses if something goes wrong.

TP 14070 Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide 2010

Keep a ready, printed safety plan on board and train all crew to follow the procedures during emergencies and routine checks.

Key points for owners and operators:

• Establish a clear chain of command for transmitting distress signals and coordinating with land-based authorities across united jurisdictions.
• Assess natural hazards in the operating area, including squalls, glare, and rough seas, and adjust plans accordingly.
• Map locations and routes across seas and through inland waterways; keep a printed chart in the province with safe anchors and exit points.
• Inspect every fixture of lifesaving gear, anchors, and propulsion equipment; replace worn parts and test equipment before each voyage.
• Confirm a simple, suitable range of radio and AIS coverage; perform a radio check at the start and end of each voyage.
• Prepare for cold conditions by stocking extra layers, blankets, and emergency shelter; review procedures for hypothermia and cold-water exposure.
• Train crew to think through problems and practice quick decisions during emergencies, including man overboard recoveries and fire drills.
• Review printed manuals and checklists, keep them updated, and re-flash EPIRB and other electronic devices as needed to maintain functionality.
• Run drills that cover various sea states, weather, and locations to improve readiness of the crew and vessel systems.
• Keep a simple, ready-to-use kit onboard with basic tools, spare fuses, and a fixture for lifesaving equipment.
• Crew should be aware of fatigue, weather forecasts, and distress signals, and adjust work-rest cycles accordingly.
• Document incidents and update procedures to reflect lessons learned for the next voyage.

These procedures require owners to maintain a printed safety plan and to train crews regularly, ensuring readiness across the range of operating conditions in your province and beyond.

Construction Requirements: Practical Compliance and Verification

Verify that all structural elements and deck gear meet the applicable standards and are provided with valid marks before service, and ensure related documentation is kept current for your vessel. For smaller canadian vessels, confirm fore fittings, bridle attachments, and shackle connections can withstand strong forces and perform reliably during routine handling. Maintain a table listing equipment, fastenings, and attachment points, and post installation records on board so the owner can review together with your safety team. Except for non-structural items, ensure observations during inspections match generated documentation, including alarm status and readings from meters used to monitor loads, to confirm secure operation of all fastenings. Include reciprocal checks on critical fittings and verify that shackle and anchor connections stay secure under simulated loads, with procedures to handle peak loads. Record observed conditions frequently and keep the file together with post-inspection notes for audits and regulatory reviews. Ensure the information is readily available to mariners and authorities to support canadian compliance and ongoing safety.

Hull Structure: Materials, Thickness, and Framing Criteria

Recommendation: For most small commercial vessels, select hull materials with proven repairability and documented thickness targets that fit the operating exposure. Favor aluminum alloys or fiberglass with well-established framing layouts, and keep a simple, clear document in the vessel file to guide maintenance and repairs.

Aluminum hulls provide light weight and predictable welding or bolted joints. Use exterior skin thickness in the range of 3–6 mm for typical hulls, with 6–8 mm in higher exposure zones such as bow and chine, and 2–3 mm for internal webs or stiffeners supported by lines and posts. Select alloys like 5083-H116 or 5086-H32 for corrosion resistance, and follow a fixed corrosion protection plan.

Fiberglass/FRP hulls rely on laminate and core; target total laminate thickness 10–25 mm in areas above waterline where impact risk is normal, and 15–25 mm minimum in areas below the waterline to resist pressure. Use a woven or stitched fabric layup with an appropriate core material and resin system; ensure resin content avoids whistling or flutter at speed. Plan repairs promptly when exposure changes, such as travel in hawaii or coastal routes.

Framing criteria set frame spacing at 300–600 mm (12–24 inches) with transverse frames and stringers to carry loads, plus stiffeners along high-stress areas. Use either welded or bolted connections; ensure bolt lines stay protected with coatings and isolation where needed. Position posts and breast lines to support deck loads and maintain alignment of the helm and moving parts. Design keeps hull flex within normal ranges so accident risk is reduced and repair crews know what to fix.

Fasteners and corrosion protection require attention. Use corrosion-resistant bolts and nuts; isolate dissimilar metals with dielectric barriers; apply anti-corrosion coatings; inspect bolt lines and replace any worn fastener. Keep an exposure map for post hull damage; local vessels may follow different practice. Document the inspection and references for the maintenance file.

Maintenance plan should include annual checks of skin, frames, and bulkheads; test for water ingress above and below the breast line; measure hull deflection after heavy loads; record repairs on a standard document. For boater safety, treat repairs promptly and avoid travelling with compromised hull integrity. Keep a record with references to the original design and any local code requirements, so crews in places like hawaii or along rivers can review quickly.

Emergency patches include a simple canvas patch wrapped with epoxy resin for minor breaches as a temporary fix until a full repair can be completed; document the patch with date, location, and vessel ID in your log.

Bulkheads and Watertight Integrity: Segregation, Doors, and Weathertightness

Recommendation: This arrangement provides true segregation and minimizes risk by maintaining watertight bulkheads. During daytime operations, mariners should frequently perform door and seal checks, operate each self-closing device, and verify that no hole or gap exists around frames. The ship’s bell can signal the crew to begin checks, and documenting findings address liability and strengthen safety duties.

Bulkhead design and construction focus on how compartments are divided along the length of the hull. Bulkheads that run horizontally create multiple isolated zones, which is especially beneficial on larger vessels. In intracoastal and seacoast passages, add more boundaries to limit flooding to an individual space; although some spaces are large, careful segmentation reduces overall damage and makes responses more manageable.

Doors and weathertightness demand robust, reliable closures. Weathertight doors must close securely from the helm or crew stations, with continuous hinges and effective gaskets that fill the gap around frames. Keep the door path free of foul water and debris, and chain doors in rough weather to prevent uncontrolled movement. Individual doors should maintain true alignment, and any misfit deserves immediate attention to protect the entire construction.

Maintenance and testing require a disciplined schedule. Frequently run water-tightness checks during sea trials and routine inspections, and perform controlled fill tests in isolated compartments to confirm the amount of water needed to breach the barrier remains within safe limits. Record results and address any seepage promptly to sustain overall integrity.

Access and penetrations must be planned with care. Limit access through bulkheads to essential services and construct penetrations to minimize openings that could compromise a seal. Holes and through-hull penetrations should be minimized and, where necessary, properly reinforced to support the integrity of the barrier. This approach keeps access convenient for the helm and crew while preserving the barrier’s purpose.

Duties and liability require clear responsibilities. Mariners are responsible for maintaining watertight integrity and reporting faults promptly. Owners should address buying spare door seals and replacement components, recognizing that liability can exceed insurance if maintenance lapses occur. Clear procedures and regular drills ensure crew readiness and reduce exposure during intracoastal and seacoast operations.

• Inspect seals, hinges, and frame alignment for every bulkhead door at each check.
• Verify self-closing devices operate and doors close fully from all stations, including the helm.
• Test weathertightness with controlled, safe fill of isolated spaces and log the results.
• Keep spare seals, gaskets, and door chains on board for rapid replacement.
• Limit penetrations and address any foul conditions around frames to prevent leaks.

Welding, Joinery, and Fabrication Quality Checks

Inspect every weld and joinery interface before launch: perform visual checks, dye-penetrant testing on accessible welds, and log results in the vessel's quality register on the shop floor.

Prioritize front joints and frame areas, ensuring alignment and straightness. Look for undercuts, surface porosity, and lack of fusion; correct and re-weld when needed. Track the number of critical joints assessed and monitor the tendency of issues across many points to guide improvements.

Use simple nondestructive methods if qualified staff are available: dye-penetrant test for surface defects, magnetic particle for ferromagnetic welds, and ultrasonic testing for thickness at key sections. Record each result with the joint ID and the point of inspection; this will help you address deviations quickly and clearly, directly tying findings to corrective actions.

Record-keeping and floor-level workflow require a compact log that assigns a unique number to each joint (for example J-01 to J-30). File results directly in the register and place physical tags near each weld with the placed designation. Use decibels checks around work zones to monitor noise exposure and ensure hearing protection for crews; the practice helps manage bioacoustics and protects workers during grinding and banging operations on the floor. The flow of data will reveal trends, maybe guiding future training and procedures.

Quality hinges on surface preparation and cleanliness: remove rust and paint from weld toes, protect rubber gaskets near doors, and keep the floor environment dry and free of contaminants. Apply a front-to-back inspection plan that covers all spherical junctions and pipe-thread welds; this reduces rework and extends durability.

When fuel-burning operations occur nearby, address ventilation and ignition sources: isolate fuel zones, place barriers (rubber curtains) between work and storage, and ensure adequate clearances. Confirm that deck plating remains dry and free of residues to prevent flash risks. Track ambient flows and decibel levels to keep worker exposure within safe ranges, and address any deviations promptly with clear corrective actions.

Deck Equipment, Navigation, and Fire Safety Compliance

Begin with a clearly defined setup: your vessel is equipped with a deck safety kit, including life jackets, a throwable buoy, a first-aid kit, and a lighted flashlight for emergencies. Use a simple form for pre-sail checks and keep it updated. Focus on three points: deck equipment, navigation readiness, and fire safety.

Deck equipment details: Keep at least two fender positions at the bow and stern. Use a bridle on mooring lines for larger vessels. Inspect cables, shackles, cleats, and winches; replace worn parts immediately. Keep access points clear and mark locations so crew can act quickly in busy times. Record the amount of spare line and fenders to avoid shortages at the dock. Ensure correct mounting and hardware choices to reduce unsafe handling.

Navigation readiness: Maintain a current chart and digital plotter, plus a hand-held compass as backup. Your boat should have a VHF radio, GPS, and AIS where required, with proper antenna grounding. Assign a lookout during maneuvering and docking; ensure lighted indicators are visible at night. Locating navigation gear within easy reach improves response time. According to manufacturer recommendations, store operating manual and templates for quick reference, and keep a simple form to track checks.

Fire safety: A safety kit consisting of at least two portable extinguishers, a fire blanket, and a spare battery-powered light covers night checks. Engine compartments with fuel-burning systems require ventilation, shut-off valves, and leak checks. Place extinguishers in accessible locations on deck, and verify pressure monthly. Train crew in basic firefighting and emergency isolation. If you observe an unsafe condition, treat it immediately and isolate the area to prevent spread.

Compliance steps: To comply with TP 14070, implement a standing safety form for deck checks and drills. Use templates to standardize inspections; perform checks at the end of each watch, and after every fueling, anchoring, or rough passage. Assign a dedicated lookout and a responsible person for gear maintenance; review the plan monthly and whenever pathways or equipment change. Do not operate longer without verifying all safety gear is lighted and secure.

Corrosion Protection, Coatings, and Maintenance Guidelines

Do a professional corrosion survey every six months and after major voyages; address rust spots and coating delamination within 30 days. These actions are needed to protect the bottom and keep passengers safe.

Implement a five-step coating system: zinc-rich primer (minimum 85% zinc by weight) to deter corrosion, an epoxy barrier coat to seal the metal, and a UV-resistant topcoat such as polyurethane; target a total dry film thickness (DFT) of 100–180 microns. Salt spray blows against the hull, so choose coatings with strong blister resistance and good adhesion.

Surface preparation: remove peeling coatings, clean with marine detergent, degrease, rinse; achieve a sound substrate by abrading to a rough profile (ISO Sa 2.5) with a wire brush or grinder; use proper tools and ensure surfaces are dry before applying coating. Maintain normal surface cleanliness to ensure adhesion; the goal is to prevent hidden defects turning into future repairs.

Maintenance plan and daily checks: perform daily checks for blisters, rust, or chalking; document results; measure coating thickness with a portable DFT gauge and compare with product specs; ensure recoat windows are respected (4–6 hours at 15–25°C and RH below 85%); avoid mistakes such as neglecting daily checks. If readings indicate loss, schedule a recoat with a professional.

Zone-based approach: divide the hull into five zones (bow, midship, stern, topside deck edge, and bottom) to monitor corrosion; label zone status during maintenance and restrict passenger access when work is underway; turned to a consistent schedule helps maintenance stay on track.

Operational protection: keep water out of self-bailing compartments; ensure drains stay clear and check bottom coatings near ballast areas; inspect sacrificial anodes and protective wire connections; replace worn anodes promptly; if a vessel uses hydrophones, inspect their mounting and wiring for corrosion.

Documentation and field research: maintain a log with date, product, DFT, and surface condition; conduct some research to compare coatings; certain products deliver more reliable protection in salt spray; use equivalent options when replacing; note that fake readings can mislead, so verify with a second method; crews love clear, verifiable records that indicate deterioration early; watch for less paint remaining, which signals reduced protection.